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"System Mass Integrating Time & Height" © (SMITH) where Performance = Control ©.
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The NTSB Training Center is located in Ashburn, Virginia [Washington, DC (IAD)]. I received instruction in post accident cognitive interviewing and mass fatality response for medico/legal professionals. I am not a doctor or a lawyer, but a limited number of researchers may attend.
But for the interest of educators, teachers, instructors, psychologists, engineers, etc., NTSB professionals work in good faith to spot issues that arise with respect to environmental causation, technological effect or criminal action. To learn even more about what is available in the northern Virginia technology corridor, please click
Dulles Technology Corridor. Much of my ongoing research is accomplished here in the "technology corridor" in Reston (Fairfax County) Virginia.
With respect to the most populated state (California), one can find some of the most demanding flight environments in the USA. Legal researchers may find the California case of Escola v. Coca Cola (24 Cal.2d 462, 150 P.2d 441, and Rest.2d Torts Section 402A, comment c.) noteworthy.
Here, Justice Traynor states; "the cost of injury and the loss of time and health may be an overwhelming misfortune to the person injured, and a needless one."
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Equal Scale: Interval Data (High Level Measurement).
The temperature scale has equal intervals (0C, 10C, 20C, 30C, & 40C).
These graphs are able to establish the relationship of temperature to a given pressure altitude (3,000 feet).
The independent variables on the x-axis represent the temperature "domain." The dependent variables on the y-axis are the "range" of acceleration values.
While few of us are qualified as a test pilot; industry, manufacturers, and government policy makers assess risk and safety. Here, cause and effect phenomena are studied rigorously in the interest of aviation safety, and regulatory compliance.
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ISBN: 978-3-8364-8343-8. High density altitude takeoff accidents/incidents often have more than one probable cause. Because the PIC is educated and trained for such operations by way of nominal phrases, quips and words; the "ratio" level graphic is now a safety necessity.
But for a "true zero" depicted at the point of the x and y axis intersection; distance, velocity and time are clearly ascertained. In furtherance, you the safety minded pilot; can now instruct others in terms of qualities and quantities that will unify all elements (temperature, pressure, weight, with ground distance, velocity and time) from a line graph.
In the age of GPS and many other refinements, the professional GA pilot needs more. It's here, finally. Please notice the graphics on the right are not at the "ratio" level since no true "zero" is depicted. Once again, the highest level of measurement is fixed at the "ratio" level. Best of all, "ratio" level reporting captures all elements that are "nominal (in name)," "ordinal" (in rank) and "interval" (in equal increments). Only my book, and only my website; will capture such nitpicking detail.
Allow me to quote a great professor I had a few years ago,..."if you don't interpret the data, what good are you?!" In summer (November 1985!) I had the privilege to be named on an "operation deepfreeze" flight to McMurdo Station (Ross Island), Antarctica. Aside from being inducted into the "Emperor Penguin Court" by the US Navy in support of the National Science Foundation, landing on an ice runway 3 meters thick (18F/-8C) is one of my greatest flying experiences (especially in a four engine jet). WE INTERPRETED DATA.
The graphs at the right are at the even "interval" level which is good because it is mathematical & quantitative. An "ordinal" (not quantitative) statement by a PIC would be to the effect "it's hot as Hades today therefore I'm going to wait until early in the morning." Here, you have merely qualitatively "ranked" your situation (an "ordinal" measurement, which is better than the lowest level of measurement which is "nominal." This is where a PIC states something to the effect, "yeah, I checked runway length," or "that guy made it, so I'm not going to have any problem." All I've got to say is, "vorsicht." Interestingly, this means "caution" in German. Literally it means "before-sight" or "foreseeability" in terms of a likely harm.
Remember, with respect to high density altitude performance, there are no such things as piety, gifts or miracles. Newton's third law of action and reaction says it best; "for every action, there shall be an opposing reaction." This means the atmosphere is "dynamic" in terms of pressure & temperature, where an adverse performance characteristic can factually cause harm to persons and property if overlooked or ignored.
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At a glance, pilots can observe the effect of pressure altitude on a non-standard temperature. Takeoff performance is of critical concern to any pilot operating an aircraft from a high altitude airport. A reduced acceleration rate means a longer amount of runway is required to attain takeoff velocity (safe liftoff speed).
Takeoff safety is a priority of the FAA, NASA & NTSB. The aerospace industry, academia, aviation psychologists/physiologists, aeromedical examiners & aviation attorneys use persuasive methodologies in their professions. The professional general aviation pilot is not excluded. High quality tables, charts and graphs are becoming more commonplace in revealing information quickly and easily for those who need to know.
Runwaydata.com is committed to education and training in support of the great efforts and contributions of teachers, instructors, public civil service and military personnel committed to safety in support of our national aerospace system.
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